Europe in Transition


Course Learning Outcomes

  1. Describe the structural features of European feudalism and the impact of the Crusades and the fourteenth-century crisis.
  2. Explain the Renaissance, Reformation, Counter-Reformation and Enlightenment as movements of intellectual and cultural transition.
  3. Analyze the debates on the transition from feudalism to capitalism in the context of geographical explorations and the Commercial and Price Revolutions.
  4. Trace the rise of the nation states of Spain, France, England and Russia between the Thirty Years' War and the Seven Years' War.
  5. Evaluate the significance of the American War of Independence in the birth of liberal politics in Europe.

India from the Early Medieval Period to the Fall of the Sultanate and Rise of the Mughals


Course Learning Outcomes

  1. Recall the chronology of political developments from the early medieval period through the Delhi Sultanate to the rise of the Mughals.
  2. Explain the historiographical debate on the transition from centralized to decentralized polity in early medieval India.
  3. Analyze the administrative reforms of the Khalji and Tughluq rulers and the causes of the decline of the Delhi Sultanate.
  4. Describe the socio-economic changes, urbanization, and the Bhakti-Sufi movements of Sultanate India.
  5. Assess the political and military factors that enabled Babur's establishment of Mughal rule in India.